The campaign was initiated by students and ADEMA. Mar 27, 1991. ADEMA was joined in this demand for a multi-party system by the National Committee for Democratic Initiative (CNID) and the Mali Pupils and Students Association (AEEM), which organized students for protest against the government. Mar 26, 1991. Benjaminsen, Tor A. Mar 22, 1991. The Toronto Star. The narrative and case information was later supplemented using contemporary periodical sources by Max Rennebohm (25/05/2011) The resignation of General Moussa Traoré; free, multiparty elections a coalition of democratic opposition groups led by ADEMA Alliance for Democracy in Mali (ADEMA); ADEMA Leader Alpha Oumar Konaré; Mali Pupils and Students Association (AEEM) Malian Party of Labor; Malian Party for Revolution and Democracy; Democratic People's Front of Mali; National Democratic People's Front Lieutenant Colonel Amadou Toumani Toure; General Traoré’s second in command, Djibril Diallo, resigned as a show of support for the protesters demanding a multi-party system There were scattered acts of rioting and vandalism of public buildings following the March 22nd shootings, but the campaign was primarily nonviolent and the leaders did not support campaigner violence. Accessed through LexisNexis Academic on May 23, 2011"Mali general strike to continue; deputy party leader said to have resigned." Der momentane Parteipräsident ist The demonstrations seemed to begin peacefully until military troops opened fire on the protesters, killing at least 22. Attempting to calm the demonstrations, General Traoré offered to release political prisoners and announced that the ruling party was considering a multi-party system, but he refused to resign from the presidency.Also on March 23, opposition groups, labor unions, and the country’s Bar Association signed a declaration demanding Traore’s resignation and the appointment of an interim government to plan new, multi-party elections. "Scores die in fire set by soldiers in Mali." The Associated Press. "Thousands Strike to Demand President's Resignation."
BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. <"Southern Africa In Brief; Mali Opposition Figure Interviewed on Struggle for Multi-Party System." Accessed through LexisNexis Academic on May 23, 2011"Mali Protest Leaves 100 Dead in City." While this marked a success for the campaigners and the military leaders probably would not have arrested Traoré without the pressure from campaigners (they were killing demonstrators just the day before), this action would not be considered nonviolent.
After instating a curfew and state of emergency the day before, General Traoré met with opposition and religious leaders on March 23. Feb 27, 1991. "Mali lifts state of emergency after strike." Accessed through LexisNexis Academic on May 23, 2011 The elections on April 12th and 26th in 1992 named ADEMA leader Alpha Oumar Konaré president of the new democratic nation. ADEMA helped to initiate the mass demands for a multi-party system and greater democracy in Mali and foreshadowed the March Revolution campaign for democracy even in January 1991 when ADEMA began plans to foster mass demonstrations. Feb 2, 1991.
Within two months, opposition parties were legalized, a national congress of civil and political groups met to draft a new democratic constitution, and ADEMA leader Alpha Oumar Konare was the new, democratically-elected president.Benin and the Republic of the Congo's similar campaigns for multi-party elections influenced this campaign (1).
Mar 26, 1991. In response, the government stationed riot police and armored cars in the capital, preparing to repress the planned demonstrations. Mar 25, 1991. "Army Has Taken Over West African Nation of Mali." Citizens calling for democracy took part in similar, smaller demonstrations in other areas throughout Mali.Women played an important role in the campaign, as their participation in demonstrations was meant to diminish the amount of violence used against the campaigners. Oktober 1990 vereinigten sich politische Gegner der Diktatur Die ADEMA zieht auch viele Unterstützer ohne vorrangige politische Zugehörigkeit an.Am 25.
Mar 23, 1991. As the campaign continued, ADEMA was joined by other opposition groups and students were joined by trade unions. Accessed through LexisNexis Academic on May 23, 2011"Mali radio reports resignation of ruling party's political secretary." The women in this demonstration, who numbered nearly 2,000, were deploring the death of protesters at the hands of the military. Facebook is showing information to help you better understand the purpose of a Page.
Accessed through LexisNexis Academic on May 23, 2011"Mali Pro-democracy groups' meeting with government ends in 'stalemate'" BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. BBC Summary of World Broadcasts.